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James Benton Parsons
James Benton Parsons (August 13, 1911 – June 19, 1993) was an American attorney who in 1961 became the first African American to serve as a United States federal judge in US District Court, being appointed to United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He served as chief judge from 1975 to 1981, assuming senior status in August 1981, and serving until his death in office.
==Early life, education and career==
James Benton Parsons was born in 1911 in Kansas City, Missouri; his family moved to St. Louis, where his father was an evangelist and missionary with the Disciples of Christ Church. The family subsequently lived in Lexington, Kentucky; Dayton, Ohio; and Bloomington, Indiana; before settling in Decatur, Illinois. Parsons wanted to be a lawyer by the time he was in junior high school. He was named "class orator" for Decatur High School class of 1929, the "first race student" to receive this honor. He was on the basketball team at Decatur High coached by Gay Kintner, and also in the school band and orchestra. He earned a B.A. from Millikin University in 1934.
He first started working as acting head of music at Lincoln University (Missouri). He met Nathaniel Dett, a former teacher at Lincoln, who had returned for a guest performance. Dett subsequently offered Parsons a job at Bennett College, a historically black college in Greensboro, North Carolina, where he was director of music. He wanted Parsons to re-score some of Dett's chorales.〔Parsons, James B. "The Unfinished Oral History of District Judge James Benton Parsons." Collins T. Fitzpatrick, ed. Typescript. Chicago: U of Chicago, DeAngelo Law Library Law School. May 1996.〕 By 1939, Parsons had become director of instrumental music for Greensboro's Negro public schools, as the state had a segregated public school system. Under his direction, the band at Dudley High School became known throughout the state for its expert musicianship and precision marching.
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